Description

Morchella angusticeps is a species of fungus in the family Morchellaceae native to eastern North America. Described by Charles Horton Peck in 1879, the name M. angusticeps was clarified in 2012 prior to which this species may have been referred to as either M. angusticeps or M. elata. M. angusticeps is one of the black morels, and is found in eastern North America, where it occurs in association with various hardwoods in the spring.

© Rocky Houghtby

The sclerotium of the Black Morel (see reproduction) is a hard mass found underground that protects the fungi mycelium when the conditions are not right for the morel to grow. This adaptation allows for the survival of the fungi during droughts, cold weather and other disasters such as fires. After these tough times have ceased, morels are then able to continue on with their life cycle in order to reproduce. Once the morels fruiting body above ground, it releases spores in which to be germinated. The main part of the morel which has adapted to allow it to gain nutrients is the primary and secondary mycelium. The mycelium feeds off nutrients from the roots of the trees it is around which will be further explained in nutrients.

Properties

Morphological features of Morchella angusticeps that aid in it’s survival: Morels can easily hide in plain site amongst a small pile of dead leaves, plants or bark. They’re so well hidden because their unusual ridged patterns along with their light brownish color allows them to become camouflage with the other objects on the forest floor.

Morels have adapted to grow in these areas because it is in these areas that they have the most potential to prosper. Along the leaves and bark on the ground come moist areas which are one of the conditions morels need to grow. The morel’s adaptation to stay camouflage allows it to be able to complete the “main objective” of the fruiting body which is to release the spores from the asci in which to reproduce once again.

Growing

How to Grow Morchella angusticeps?

Various simple and more complicated methods are used experimentally around the world. The cultivation of edible morels is considered difficult, but not impossible. A deeper study of the subject is necessary to achieve success. I refer explicitly to Paul Stamets and Tradd Cotter, both of whom can attest to their breeding successes. The latest scientific findings indicate that a certain soil bacterium must be present for fruiting.

As long as the morel was able to germinate, there will always be some form of the morel’s mycelium underground. Their mycelium is protected by the sclerotium until the conditions are right . Once the ground is damp enough and the weather warm enough for morels to prosper (which tends to be anywhere from April to July depending on the location), Morels start “popping”. Now in these areas where the morels grow, other fungi such as the False morel prosper as well.

PH Levels

Inoculation Phase

Spawn Run

Fruiting Phase

Harvest

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S
P
A
W
N

 

P
R
I
M
O
R
D
I
A

F
R
U
I
T
I
N
G

Temp °C
21-24 16-22 13-18
Relative Humidity %
90-100 90-100 85-95
Duration d
10-14 20-30 10-20
CO2 ppm
>5000 <5000 <5000
FAE per h
0-1 2-4 2-4
Light lux
200-800 200-800

How to Fruit M. angusticeps?

Morchella angusticeps are heterotrophic which means they are “other feeding” and must feed on preformed organic material. It does this by first building a mutualistic relationship with a host such as an ash or elm tree. To form this relationship, the morel’s mycorrhizae (which means fungus root) and creates an ectomycorrhizae sheath around the tree’s root. This sheath has hyphae emanating throughout the soil which increases the surface area. Once the sheath is made, the fungus is able to penetrate between the cells of of the cortex to allow for nutrients to be exchanged. In order for the morel to have nutrients, it must digest then ingest the area it is around. This is made possible by exoenzymes which help rapidly digest the material in order to take the nutrients out of it. The reason this allows for a mutualistic relationship is because both the tree and the fungi gain nutrients from this process.

Courtesy of Tom VolkMorels are non-vascular which means they have no specialized tissues to transport the nutrients they ingest. To move the nutrients throughout the organisms, the hypae contain internal crosswalls called septa. These septa have pores which allow cytoplasm to flow from one cell to the next. This movement allows materials to be transported within the cytoplasm of the cells. When times are “good” and the morel can store food, it stores it as glycogen like many other animals.

Cropping Cycle

Inoculation Phase

Spawn Run

Fruiting Phase

An indoor spawning crop can be placed outdoors to create natural patches

Harvest

zwei Morcheln auf Waldboden, perfekt getarnt

How to make Agar Culture Media?

  1. Dissolve the malt extract and agar in distilled water.
  2.  Sterilize the solution by autoclaving at 121°C for 15-20 minutes.
  3. Pour the sterilized media into petri dishes or other containers under sterile conditions.
  4. The Yeast is optional, but you can add it to any recipe for nutritions, same for Peptone.

MEA

MYA, MEA, MYPA, PDYA, OMYA

PDA

-

MPYA

-

PDYA

-

Fruiting Containers

Trays

Straw bale, mushroom bed, culture in greenhouse difficult

Bags

-

1

-

2

-

Substrate

Rye Berries, grain mix

Growing Additives

Place a moist layer of peat moss buffered with 10% calcium sulfate on top of the morel/sawdust seedbed, 4 to 6 inches apart. A depth of 10 to 12 inches from the bottom seed layer to the top surface of the buffered peat moss is sufficient to promote establishment. A thin layer (1 inch) of moistened vermiculite will promote aeration. The optimum pH for fruiting is between 6.5 and 8.0.

Biological efficiencie

1 pound per square foot

Sometimes we miss a piece

Growing Chracteristics

In burned areas (1 to 2 years after fire), black morels also found directly under neglected aspen and apple trees.

Identification

Natrual Habitat

Black Morels can be found all over the Northern Hemisphere. Mainly being in North America, Central America, Europe and Asia. The morels found in these parts of the world are currently either part of the black morel or yellow morel clades which was further studied and revised in Revision of Morchella Taxonmy .

Morels are most commonly found in forested areas around dead elm trees, Sycamore, apple trees, under wood scraps and Ash trees, but can also be found in other areas. They often tend to grow under objects on the ground as well because of the dampness under them (In Identification you will learn more about where to find morels in the wild).

A native and everywhere in the northern hemisphere widespread noble delicacy mushroom. In nature, the mushroom is found in the first warm weeks of spring, no morel hunter reveals its locations. The mushroom is in high demand among gourmets, which is reflected in the price. After truffles, real morels are considered the most expensive mushrooms of all.

Widespread in temperate regions of the world. Common in spring in various habitats e.G. along rivers, in sandy soils of mixed woods.

How to identify Morchella angusticeps

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Cap

Honeycombed
Ribbed
With black margins
Conical
2-6 cm wide
2-8 cm high

Hymenium

-

Stipe

White
Hollow
Granular
5-12 cm long
2-4 cm thick
White mycelium at the base of the stem

Veil

-

Spores

Light brown
24-28 × 12-14 µ
Ellipsoid and smooth
Forming 8 each in sac-like cells called asci.

Hyphae

Initially thin
Divergent
Fast-moving
Non-aerial
Gray at first
Soon thickens and becomes gray-brown
Ss the mycelium matures, the culture medium turns dark brown
As the mycelium settles on unsterilized wood chips, a gray powdery mold forms on the surface

Danger of confusion

other morels

© Rocky Houghtby, Dave W

Consuming

Gorumet Perception

Black More are a classic sauce mushroom that develops its flavor best in a cream sauce.

Eaten raw, Morchella angusticeps are highly toxic, there have already been deaths. In addition, the consumption of the mushroom can cause the so-called Morchella syndrome in some people.

Smell

The mycelium is pleasant and smells like fresh, crushed morels.

Taste

-

Flesh

-

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Nutritional content of 100g

Water 89.6g
Energy 31kcal
Energy 129kJ
Protein 3.12g
Total lipid (fat) 0.57g
Ash 1.58g
Carbohydrate, by difference 5.1g
Fiber, total dietary 2.8g
Sugars, total including NLEA 0.6g
Sucrose 0g
Glucose 0.6g
Fructose 0g
Lactose 0g
Maltose 0g
Galactose 0g
Calcium, Ca 43mg
Iron, Fe 12.2mg
Magnesium, Mg 19mg
Phosphorus, P 194mg
Potassium, K 411mg
Sodium, Na 21mg
Zinc, Zn 2.3mg
Copper, Cu 625mg
Manganese, Mn 587mg
Selenium, Se 2.2µg
Thiamin 69mg
Riboflavin 205mg
Niacin 2.25mg
Pantothenic acid 0.44mg
Vitamin B-6 136mg
Folate, total 9µg
Folic acid 0µg
Folate, food 9µg
Folate, DFE 9µg
Vitamin A, RAE 0µg
Carotene, beta 0µg
Carotene, alpha 0µg
Cryptoxanthin, beta 0µg
Vitamin A, IU 0µg
Lycopene 0µg
Lutein + zeaxanthin 0µg
Vitamin D (D2 + D3), International Units 206IU
Vitamin D (D2 + D3) 5.1µg
Vitamin D2 (ergocalciferol) 5.1µg
Vitamin D3 (cholecalciferol) 0µg
Fatty acids, total saturated 65g
SFA 10:0 1g
SFA 14:0 1g
SFA 16:0 52g
SFA 18:0 9g
SFA 24:0 1g
Fatty acids, total monounsaturated 52g
MUFA 16:1 2g
MUFA 16:1 c 2g
MUFA 18:1 22g
MUFA 18:1 c 22g
MUFA 24:1 c 3g
Fatty acids, total polyunsaturated 433g
PUFA 18:2 215g
PUFA 18:2 n-6 c,c 215g
PUFA 20:2 n-6 c,c 1g
Campesterol 3mg

© U.S. Department Of Agriculture

Composition

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Immunostimulating Compounds

Polysaccharid (β-Glucan)

Function: These complex carbohydrates strengthen the immune system.

Benefit: They are known for their anti-cancer properties and support the body in the fight against tumors.

Lectine

Function: Proteins that bind to specific carbohydrates.

Benefit: They have immunomodulating effects and can inhibit the growth of cancer cells.

Proteoglycans

Function: Molecules that combine proteins and carbohydrates.

Benefit: They support cell communication and have anti-tumor properties.

Antioxidant ingredients

Phenolic compounds

Function: Antioxidants that neutralize free radicals.

Benefit: They protect cells from damage caused by oxidative stress and have anti-inflammatory properties.

Selenium

Function: An essential trace element with an antioxidant effect.

Benefit: It supports the immune system and protects against cell damage.

Fatty acids

Linoleic acid

Function: An essential fatty acid required in the diet.

Benefit: It helps reduce inflammation and supports cardiovascular health.

Unique/Important Ingredients

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Vitamin-Rich Components

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other names

Englisch Mel-15
Englisch black morel
Englisch
black-cap morel
Französisch
Morille à chapeau étroit
Spanisch morilla gris
Tschechisch
smrž úzkohlavý
Wissenschaftl. Name
Morchella angusticeps
Wissenschaftl. Name
Morchella conica angusticeps

Morchella angusticeps, The Black Morel, The Conic Morel, Peck´s Morel, schwarze Morchel

Taxonomical Hierarchy

Kingdom Fungi
Division Ascomycota
Class Pezizomycetes
Order Pezizales
Family Morchellaceae
Genus Morchella
Species M. angusticeps
Ecology

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