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Description

Properties

The Summer Oyster (Pleurotus pulmonarius) is a species of mushroom from the family of Oyster mushroom species. It is closely related to the oyster sidewall mushroom, but crossing experiments have demonstrated that the Lung Oystr Mushroom is a distinct species.

A native mushroom, very closely related to the oyster mushroom. Lung mushrooms are typical summer mushrooms that do well in warmer climates and without cold shock.

Pleurotus pulmonarius is a saprobiont and weak parasite on various hardwoods; beech, ash, poplar, birch, walnut and Sorbus species are listed as substrates. Like the oyster sapling, it inhabits soil- and air-damp forests, but also occurs outside forests on appropriate substrates. Unlike the oyster sapling, the lung sapling does not occur in cold weather, but can be found in summer and early fall.

Pleurotus pulmonarius naturally synthesize a chemical called lovastatin. Lovastatin is part of the statin family of drugs, meaning that it inhibits the production of cholesterol in the body and can potentially lower LDL cholesterol. Lovastatin can also be found naturally in Red Yeast Rice and is manufactured commercially from Aspergillus terreus.

Lovastatin works by inhibiting the activity of the enzyme HMG-CoA reductase, which acts as the rate limiting step to the synthesis of cholesterol in the body. This serves to help prevent hypercholesterolemia, or high cholesterol, which is a major risk factor in cardiovascular disease. Studies in rats support the cholesterol lowering effects of ingesting Pleurotus ostreatus, which naturally contains about 2.8% Lovastatin by weight.

HMG-CoA reductase serves as the rate limiting enzyme for cholesterol production

The conversion of HMG-CoA to mevalonate by HMG-CoA reductase is blocked by Lovastatin.

1. Growing

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Growing Procedure

Pleurotus pulmonarius easy cultivares on pasteurized straw, sterile upgraded wood substrates and logs. Unlike oyster mushrooms, lung mushroom also digests coniferous substrate if it has been previously treated in a suitable manner. Decorticated coniferous small animal litter is also suitable without pretreatment. For further instructions, see my brown lung mushroom or my oyster mushroom.

Sufficient fresh air and ventilation are essential for a good result. Timely fruiting directly after incubation prevents the formation of too dense surface mycelium, on which primordia often no longer form.

Pleurotus pulmonarius also tolerates permanently high temperatures up to 28°C and then forms very large fruiting bodies at record speed, which, however, do not achieve the firmness, storability and taste as mushrooms, which you produce under cooler conditions.

Unlike plants or some bacteria and protists, fungi are unable to manufacture their own food from abiotic sources like the sun. So, in their quest for nutrients, many fungi, including Pleurotus, adopt their nutrition from other decaying organisms.

They go about this by excreting digestive enzymes through the tips of root-like extensions called hyphae. The enzymes break down their food leaving a space filled with nutrients that the hyphae can continue growing into, absorbing, and digesting again as it feeds. The hyphae branch and grow into a thicker mass called a mycelium, which maximizes the surface area through which feeding can take place.

Oyster Mushrooms has been successfully grown from a variety of substrates including sawdust, newspaper shavings, and even rolls of toilet paper. If you’re interested in growing them yourself, kits are available online. I’m not about to endorse any of them myself, but you can google it if interested. The oyster mushroom isn’t a picky fungi in nature either. Pleurotus ostreatus will grow on a variety of woods

Growing Characteristics

Strains of this mushroom rarely form clusters of more than 5 or 6 mushrooms, does not need any cold stimulus to form fruiting bodies

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Temp °C
24-29 10-24(27) 18-24
Relative Humidity %
90-100 95-100 85-90(95)
Duration d
8-14 3-5 3-5
CO2 ppm
>5000 400-800 400-800
FAE per h
0-1 5-7 5-7
Light lux
1000-1500(2000) 1000-1500(2000)

Growing

Agar Culture Media: MYPA, PDYA, MEA
Cropping Cycle:
Containers for fruiting: Bags, trays, vertical racks, and bottles, perforated plastic bags
Biological efficiencies: 100–200%
Substrates: Largely adaptable, mushrooms produced on a wide variety of organic wastes, the proven most productive substrate materials are cereal straw (wheat, rice), hardwood sawdust, corn stalks, sugar cane bagasse, coffee waste , pulp mill sludge, cotton waste and numerous other agricultural and forestry by-products. Adding nitrogenous supplements can increase yields, but the grower must weigh whether or not this benefit is offset by the likely increase in contamination rates

Natural Habitat

The Phoenix Oyster is common in the Holarctic, it is stated for Australia, Krieglsteiner questions whether these are indigenous occurrences. In Europe, the lung seitling is much more common in northern areas (Hebrides, Scandinavia) than in western and southern areas. In Germany, the lung seitling occurs widely scattered throughout the area. When giving information on its distribution, it should be noted that it is probably often confused with the oyster sapling.

In the eastern United States, this fungus mainly decomposes hardwoods, while in the western regions the species is found in mid-elevations (1,200-3,000 meters) on conifers (Abies and Picea), Frequent in spring and summer.

2. Identification

Cap

-20+ cm Ø
-cap initially convex, expanding to broadly convex, eventually flat or curved upwards and often wavy with age
-gray-white to beige to lila-gray to gray-brown, sometimes with pink or orange tones, at high temperatures the cap is lighter, under same light conditions, in cold weather, the cap becomes very dark gray to gray-black
-edge smooth to undulating like an oyster

Stipe

-bare
-Stems are typically eccentrically attached to the cap

Spores

-white to yellowish to lavender gray when dense
-more or less cylindrical
-7.5–11 × 3–4 µm
-clamp connections present

Hymenium

-gills
-decurrent
-whitish to cream-colored, old yellowing, often only at the edge mixed
-dense
-cutting smooth, usually rather short on the stem and rarely with veiny cross connections

Danger of confusion

Pleurotus djamor, Pleurocybella porrigens, Pleurotus cornucopiae, Pleurotus ostreatus

Hyphae

-white
-linear
-becomes cotton wool and finally forms a thick, peelable mycelium mat
-if cultures on agar media/grain are not transferred in a timely manner +-2 weeks, mycelium will become so dense that the inoculation will be cumbersome and messy, also will be hard to cut
-Hyphal system monomitic

Veil

© Hendre17

3. Consuming

Gourmet

Pleurotus pulmonarius is an excellent source of nutrients, and are a low calorie, low cholesterol, and low fat source of protein, dietary fiber, thiamin, vitamin B6, iron, magnesium, zinc, manganese, niacin, copper, potassium, and antioxidants. Check out these impressive nutrition facts.

The Indian Oyster is edible. It is not important as a wood or forest pest.

Smell

grain spawn: sweet, pleasant

Taste

-mild
-raw blood-replacing contains haemolysins

Flesh

generally thin

Nutritional content per 100g

Proximates:
Water 89.2g
Energy (Atwater General Factors) 41kcal
Energy (Atwater Specific Factors) 33kcal
Nitrogen 0.46g
Protein 2.9g
Total lipid (fat) 0.19g
Ash 0.73g
Carbohydrates:
Carbohydrate, by difference 6.94g
Minerals:
Calcium, Ca <2.5mg
Iron, Fe 0.7mg
Magnesium, Mg 13.9mg
Phosphorus, P 86mg
Potassium, K 282mg
Sodium, Na 1mg
Zinc, Zn 0.68mg
Copper, Cu 106mg
Manganese, Mn 86mg
Selenium, Se 1.4µg
Vitamins and Other Components:
Thiamin 0.07mg
Riboflavin 244mg
Niacin 5.75mg
Vitamin B-6 99mg
Biotin 7µg
Folate, total 63µg
Vitamin D (D2 + D3), International Units 1.6IU
Vitamin D (D2 + D3) 0.04µg
Vitamin D2 (ergocalciferol) 0.04µg
Vitamin D4 0µg
Phytosterols:
Stigmasterol <0.2mg
Campesterol <0.2mg
Beta-sitosterol <0.2mg
Ergosta-7-enol 1.31mg
Ergosta-7,22-dienol 0.88mg
Ergosta-5,7-dienol 8.43mg
Ergosterol 58mg
Beta-sitostanol <0.2mg
Delta-5-avenasterol <0.2mg
Delta-7-Stigmastenol <0.2mg
Amino acids:
Ergothioneine 14mg

© U.S. Department Of Agriculture

4. Data

other names

Chinesisch (traditionell) 肺形側耳
Chinesisch (traditionell) 鳳尾菇
Chinesisch (vereinfacht) 凤尾菇
Chinesisch (vereinfacht) 肺形侧耳
Deutsch Lungen-Seitling
Dänisch Sommer-østershat
Englisch pale oyster
Englisch summer oyster mushroom
Estnisch kopsservik
Finnisch koivuvinokas
Französisch Pleurote pulmonaire
Japanisch ウスヒラタケ
Litauisch Pilkšvoji kreivabudė
Niederländisch Bleke oesterzwam
Norwegisch bjørkeøsterssopp
Portugiesisch Cogumelo-ostra marrom
Russisch Вёшенка лёгочная
Schwedisch blek ostronmussling
Slovene poletni ostrigar
Spanisch Hongo pulmón
Thailändisch เห็ดนางฟ้า
Tschechisch hlíva plicní
Ungarisch Nyári laskagomba
Wissenschaftl. Name Pleurotus pulmonarius

other names

Agaricus Pulmonarius, Pleurotus ostreatus var. pulmonarius, Pleurotus pulmonarius var. Lapponicus, Pleurotus pulmonarius var. Juglandis, Pleurotus Araucariicola, The Indian Oyster, The Phoenix Mushroom, Dhingri (in northern India), Pleurotus sajor-caju” (misapplied by cultivators), Lungenseitling, Löffelförmiger Seitling, Cremeweißer Seitling, Weißer Austernpilz, Sommer-Austernseitling, Kastanienseitling

Kingdom Fungi

Division Basidiomycota
Class Agaricomycetes
Order Agaricales
Family Pleurotaceae
Genus Pleurotus
Species P. pulmonarius
Ecology Saprotrophic

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