Psilocybe natalensis
Description
Psilocybe natalensis is a species of mushroom that belongs to the Psilocybe genus, which is known for containing several psychedelic species. Psilocybe natalensis is a unique and exciting species endemic to Natal, South Africa.
However, it is crucial to note that the recreational use of psilocybin mushrooms can have legal and health implications, and caution should be exercised.
Originally collected in 1994 from an artificially fertilized cattle pasture in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa, another nearby collection of Psilocybe natalensis was made in 1998 from an irrigated lawn in Royal Natal National Park.
Although it resembles Psilocybe cubensis, recent genetic tests have confirmed that it is a unique species.
There is evidence of mushroom rituals and their ceremonial use in various ancient cultures, including the Aztecs in Mesoamerica and the indigenous peoples of Central and South America.
Ethnomycology is the study of the historical and cultural uses of fungi. This interdisciplinary field explores the relationships between humans and mushrooms, including their roles in medicine, folklore, art, and religion.
© Alan Rockefeller
Properties
Psilocybe natalensis compared to the closely related P. cubensis, it is incredibly vigorous and disease resistant. The specific concentrations of psilocybin, psilocin, and baeocystin in Psilocybe natalensis can vary depending on various factors, including the growing conditions, genetic variation, and environmental factors.
Like other mushrooms in the Psilocybe genus, it possesses psychoactive compounds, specifically psilocybin and psilocin, which are responsible for its hallucinogenic effects.The consumption of these mushrooms can induce altered states of consciousness, characterized by visual and sensory distortions, feelings of euphoria, and introspective experiences.
Mushrooms have been revered and used ceremonially in various indigenous cultures. They are often associated with spiritual and healing practices, symbolizing transformation, connection to nature, and divine experiences.
In recent years, there has been a resurgence of scientific interest in the therapeutic potential of psilocybin and psychedelic-assisted therapies. Research has shown promising results in the treatment of mental health conditions such as depression, anxiety, and addiction.
Magic Mushroom
Known for its powerful psychedelic effects.
South African Secret
Rarely found outside South Africa.
Nature’s Art
Its cap changes color when bruised.
Mind-Bending
Used in traditional healing rituals.
Growing
Ho to make Psilocybe natalensis Culture?
Growing Psilocybe Natalensis, also known as “Natal Super Strength”, is a fascinating endeavor that requires attention to detail and a few key steps.
The aggressive nature of Natalensis mycelium makes it resilient against contaminants during the fruiting period. However, it can sometimes form marshmallow-like blobs and overlay instead of developing into normal mushrooms.
It is worth mentioning that the cultivation process for Panaeolus cyanescens and Panaeolus tropicalis is quite similar to that of Psilocybe Natalensis and Psilocybe Cubensis. However, these two species require more attention and precise growing conditions. They have less robust mycelium compared to Psilocybe Cubensis, making them more vulnerable to fluctuations in their growing environment.
To begin growing Psilocybe Natalensis, you will need the following items: spawn, straw, cow manure, vermiculite, casing material, filter bags, and an impulse sealer. Strong spawn is crucial, and using rye as a basis is highly recommended. It is advisable to inoculate the rye with a strong single strain on agar, rather than using a spore syringe.
Ho to make a Fruitblock for P. natalensis?
Once the spawn is fully colonized, it is time to prepare the substrate. The substrate consists of straw, cow manure, vermiculite, and water. Mix the dry components thoroughly in a pot and then add water to the mixture. Afterward, sterilize the substrate in a filter bag, leaving it unsealed for the addition of spawn later on. Once cooled, spread the spawn evenly in the filter bag with the straw. After two to four weeks, the substrate should be fully colonized by the mycelium.
In the final phase, transfer the colonized substrate to a large, clean bag and apply the casing layer on top. Seal the bag with plastic foil and return it to the incubation space. Allow the mycelium to establish a strong network through the casing layer. After a few days, when the mycelium becomes visible through the casing layer, the bag can be moved to fruiting conditions.
PH Level
Inoculation Phase
Ideal pH: 6.0 to 7.0
What to Use: Sterilized grain substrate.
How to Adjust: Use a pH meter to check the substrate. If needed, add lime to increase pH or gypsum to decrease it.
Spawn Run
Ideal pH: 6.0 to 7.0
What to Use: Pasteurized straw or other organic substrates.
How to Adjust: Similar to the inoculation phase, use lime or gypsum to adjust the pH.
Fruiting Phase
Ideal pH: 6.0 to 7.0
What to Use: Casing layer with peat moss and vermiculite.
How to Adjust: Use hydrated lime to increase pH or sulfur to decrease it. Ensure the casing layer is well-mixed and evenly moist.
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You will need this Chart for Growing!
Fruit
|
S
|
P
|
F
|
|---|---|---|---|
Temp °C |
20-26°C (68-79°F) | 18-23°C (64-73°F) | 15-23°C (59-73°F) |
Relative Humidity % |
80-95 | 90-95 | 90-95 |
Duration d |
14-28 | 7-14 | 7-21 |
CO2 ppm |
>5000 | 800-1200 | <1000 |
FAE per h |
0-1 | 4-6 | 4-8 |
Light lux |
– | 100-800 | 500-1000 |
How to Grow Psilocybe natalensis?
Instead of a bag you may use a container and flip the lid of it (after colonization), to create a gap between the tub and the lid, allowing natural airflow. Additionally, manually fan the bin 2-3 times a day to encourage proper pinning and robust mushroom growth.
Creating a suitable fruiting chamber with automated additional fresh air exchange (FAE) and a humidifier, or using an automated grow tent, can greatly enhance the cultivation of Psilocybe Natalensis. While not mandatory, it helps to ensure optimal conditions for the mushrooms. Natalensis is sensitive to high levels of carbon dioxide (CO2), and insufficient fresh air can result in the growth of leggy mushrooms known as “Natal snakes.”
In summary, growing Psilocybe Natalensis involves careful attention to temperature, fresh air exchange, and humidity. By following these steps and providing optimal growing conditions, you can embark on a successful journey of cultivating this remarkable species of psilocybin mushroom.
Cropping Cycle
Inoculation Phase
1-2 weeks.
Process: Inoculation begins by introducing Psilocybe natalensis spores or mycelium to a suitable substrate.
Common Substrates: Hardwood chips, sawdust, or enriched soils.
Methods: Use spore syringes, agar cultures, or grain spawn for inoculation.
Spawn Run
2-4 weeks.
Process: The mycelium spreads and colonizes the substrate. Psilocybe natalensis mycelium is vigorous and fast-growing.
Moisture: Keep the substrate moist but not waterlogged to support rapid colonization.
Fruiting Phase
1-2 weeks (per flush).
Light: Introduce light exposure (natural or artificial) with a 12-hour light/dark cycle to stimulate mushroom formation.
Development: Mushrooms develop rapidly, with characteristic features such as a distinctive bluing reaction upon bruising.
Casing (Optional)
Purpose: Casing helps maintain moisture and provides a microenvironment conducive to fruiting.
Materials: Use a layer of casing material such as peat moss or vermiculite.
Harvest
Store
Store Psilocybe natalensis in an airtight container, away from direct sunlight. Keep in a cool, dark place or refrigerate at 68-77°F (20-25°C) to maintain potenc
Timing: Mushrooms are ready for harvest when the caps have fully opened and just before the veil underneath breaks.
Method: Gently twist or cut the mushrooms from the substrate to avoid damaging the mycelium.
Flushes: Psilocybe natalensis can produce multiple flushes of mushrooms under optimal conditions.q
© Liz Popich (Lizzie)
How to make Agar Culture Media for P. natalensis?
- Dissolve the malt extract and agar in distilled water.
- Sterilize the solution by autoclaving at 121°C for 15-20 minutes.
- Pour the sterilized media into petri dishes or other containers under sterile conditions.
- The Yeast is optional, but you can add it to any recipe for nutritions, same for Peptone.
You will need this Recipes for your Work!
Malt Yeast Peptone Agar
MYPA
Yeast Extract: 4g
Peptone: 5g
Agar: 15g
Distilled Water: 1L
Malt Extract Agar
MEA
Malt Yeast Agar
MYA
Potato Dextrose Yeast Agar
PDYA
Potato Infusion: 200g (from boiling 200g of diced potatoes in 1L of water, then straining)
Fruiting Containers for P. natalensis
Trays
Shallow containers used for fruiting mushrooms.
Setup: Place trays in a humidity-controlled environment.
Substrate: Use a mix of hardwood chips, sawdust, and enriched soils.
Maintenance: Keep the substrate moist and maintain high humidity levels (80-90%).
Monotubs
Large plastic containers with holes for air exchange.
Setup: Drill holes in the sides and fill the bottom with perlite for humidity.
Substrate: Use a mix of coir, vermiculite, and gypsum.
Maintenance: Maintain high humidity and provide fresh air exchange by fanning or using an automated system.
Martha Tents
Mid-sized grow chambers with shelves, often used for fruiting mushrooms.
Setup: Install a humidifier and fan for air circulation. Place trays or blocks on the shelves.
Substrate: Use pasteurized straw supplemented with vermiculite or brown rice flour.
Maintenance: Maintain high humidity (90-95%) and provide fresh air exchange. Monitor temperature and light exposure.
Shotgun Fruiting Chamber
Clear plastic tote with holes drilled for air exchange.
Setup: Drill evenly spaced holes on all sides and fill the bottom with wet perlite.
Substrate: Use a mix of coir, vermiculite, and brown rice flour.
Maintenance: Maintain high humidity by misting and ensure fresh air exchange through the holes.
Myco Bags
Sterile bags used for growing mushrooms.
Setup: Inoculate the bags with grain spawn and seal them.
Substrate: Use a mix of organic rye berries and CVG (coco coir, vermiculite, gypsum).
Maintenance: Keep the bags in a warm, dark place for colonization. Once colonized, introduce fresh air and maintain high humidity.
Substrate for fruiting Psilocybe natalensis
In its natural habitat, Psilocybe natalensis prefers well-manured grasslands and enriched soils. These substrates provide the necessary nutrients and moisture for optimal growth.
Wood Chips
Hardwood chips (e.g., oak, alder) provide a lignin-rich environment.
Preparation:
Soak wood chips in water for 24 hours.
Drain and optionally mix with other substrates like straw or sawdust for improved texture and nutrient diversity.
Pasteurize by heating to 60-70°C for an hour or more.
Straw
Straw is a common bulk substrate used alone or mixed with wood chips or sawdust.
Preparation:
Cut straw into short pieces (2-4 inches).
Soak in water for 24 hours.
Pasteurize by heating to 60-70°C for an hour.
Mix with wood chips or sawdust if desired.
Cardboard
Cardboard can be used as a supplemental substrate or casing layer. It's rich in cellulose and easy for mycelium to colonize.
Preparation:
Soak the cardboard in water until fully saturated.
Tear or cut into small pieces or strips.
Pasteurize by pouring boiling water over the pieces and letting them cool.
Hardwood Sawdust
Hardwood sawdust is one of the primary substrates for Psilocybe natalensis. It provides a rich source of lignin and cellulose, which the mycelium can efficiently break down.
Preparation:
Use sawdust from hardwoods such as oak, maple, or beech.
Mix with a nutrient supplement like wheat bran or rice bran (5-20% by volume) to boost nitrogen content.
Hydrate the sawdust mixture to achieve a moisture content of around 60-65%.
Pasteurize or sterilize the substrate before inoculation to eliminate competing organisms.
Composted Manure
Well-composted manure can be added to bulk substrates to enhance nutrient content.
Preparation:
Ensure manure is well-composted to remove ammonia and pathogens.
Mix with wood chips or straw (20-30% manure to 70-80% other substrates).
Hydrate and pasteurize the mixture.
Coco Coir and Vermiculite
A mix of coco coir and vermiculite provides good water retention and aeration.
Preparation:
Hydrate coco coir with water until fully expanded.
Mix with vermiculite in a ratio of 60% coco coir to 40% vermiculite.
Optionally add gypsum (1-2%) for added minerals.
Pasteurize the mixture.
Substrate Preperation
A balanced mix providing nutrients and moisture retention
50% hardwood chips, 30% sawdust, 20% straw.
For what grow method: Monotubs.
Preparation: Pasteurize the substrate by soaking in hot water (160-180°F) for 1-2 hours. Drain and cool before use.
A nutrient-rich mix ideal for rapid colonization
40% coir, 40% vermiculite, 20% gypsum.
For what grow method: Trays.
Preparation: Hydrate the coir and vermiculite to field capacity. Mix in gypsum and pasteurize the substrate.
A moisture-retentive mix suitable for high humidity environments
60% straw, 30% compost, 10% vermiculite.
For what grow method: Martha Tents.
Preparation: Pasteurize the straw and compost. Mix with vermiculite and ensure even moisture distribution.
A simple and effective mix for beginners
70% coir, 30% vermiculite.
For what grow method: Shotgun Fruiting Chamber.
Preparation: Hydrate the coir and vermiculite to field capacity. Mix thoroughly and pasteurize before use.
I hope these substrate mixes help you with your cultivation! If you have any more questions, feel free to ask.
Biological efficiencie for Fruiting Bodies
The BE for Psilocybe natalensis can vary, but it typically ranges from 50% to 100%1.
Sometimes we miss a piece
Identification
Psilocybe natalensis is a fascinating mushroom known for its unique characteristics. It has a small to medium-sized cap that is conical to convex in shape, often light brown to yellowish-brown in color. The cap can turn white as it ages, a feature known as hygrophanous. The gills underneath the cap are brown to purple-brown with pale edges and are partially attached to the stem. The stem is long and thin, matching the color of the cap, and bruises blue when touched.
One of the most distinctive features of Psilocybe natalensis is its resilience and high potency. It can produce dense blobs of mycelium.” These blobs are highly sought after for their psychedelic properties. The mushroom also produces a purple-black spore print, which is a key identification feature.
How to identify P. natalensis
Seasonal Growth: It typically fruits during the rainy season, when the conditions are ideal for its growth
Geographical Location: Psilocybe natalensis is native to the KwaZulu-Natal province in South Africa.
Preferred Environment: It thrives in well-manured grasslands, often found near dung but not directly growing from it.
Moisture Levels: This species prefers moist, temperate environments, which are common in its native grasslands.
Natural Habitat
Cap
Up to 25 mm in diameter
Bluntly conical to broadly convex with age
Occasionally with a small hump
Yellowish towards the disc
Whitish overall
Not hygrophanous
Often tinged with bluish at the edge
In places smooth to irregular surface
Hymenium
Initially covered by a veil
First Gray with white edges Becoming purple-black as spores mature
Stipe
40-120mm long
2-10mm thick
Smooth,
Silky white
Straight to curved
Enlarged near the base
Blue-green bruises where injured, especially near the base
Veil
Partial veil which leaves little to no veil residue
Spores
13x8 µm
Dark purplish brown
Broadly ellipsoid
4-spored basidia
1-, 2-, and 3-spored basidia were seen
Danger of confusion
Psilocybe cubensis, Psilocybe cyanescens, Psilocybe azurescens, Psilocybe semilanceata
Hyphae
Attachment clearly increases with age
First light brown, then dark purple-brown
White edges
© Mandy Schubach (Spirit of Mandy)
Consuming
Dosis
There is an urgent warning against food experiments with Psilocybe natalensis. Collecting, possessing and selling drug mushrooms is illegal in many countries around the world.
Depending on the particular strain, growth method, and age at harvest, psilocybe mushrooms can come in rather different potencies. It is recommended to weigh the actual mushrooms, better then counting them. 10% of the mushrooms mass is left, when dried. Take a look at Properties, to find out how potent they are.
Typical:
People taking MAOIs should be very careful, as the enzyme monoamine oxidase metabolizes psilocybin and psilocin. An MAOI decreases the body's ability to handle mushrooms (approximately doubling their potency) and can result in an uncomfortable, prolonged, or dangerously strong experience.
There is an urgent warning against food experiments with Psilocybe subaeruginosa. Collecting, possessing and selling drug mushrooms is illegal in many countries around the world.
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Effect
Due to the presumed main ingredient of Psilocybe natalensis, psilocybin, the same effect can be expected as with other types of well-known hallucinogenic mushrooms. At this point, it is convenient to refer to the description of the effects of Psilocybe cumbensis.
Duration:
5-6 hours
Sensory Perception
P. natalensis is a sensory delight for the curious mycologist. Its earthy aroma, with a hint of sweetness, invites you to explore further. The taste, mildly earthy and mealy, is subtle yet distinct. The flesh, firm and whitish to pale yellow, bruises blue when handled, revealing its potent nature. This combination of sensory characteristics makes Psilocybe natalensis a unique and intriguing species to study and experience.
Smell
Psilocybe natalensis has an earthy and mushroom-like smell, sometimes with a slight sweet undertone.
Taste
Mildly earthy and somewhat farinaceous (mealy), similar to other psilocybin-containing mushrooms.
Flesh
Whitish to pale yellow and bruises blue when handled, which is a common characteristic of psilocybin-containing mushrooms. The flesh is relatively firm but becomes more brittle as it dries
Composition
Psilocybe natalensis is a potent psychedelic mushroom that contains high levels of the psychoactive compounds psilocybin, psilocin, and baeocystin1. These naturally occurring alkaloids are responsible for the mushroom’s hallucinogenic properties. The mushroom’s fruit bodies are hygrophanous, meaning their brown caps can turn white as they age1. This unique composition makes Psilocybe natalensis highly sought after for its powerful effects.
Psilocybin Content
Psilocybe natalensis , like other psychedelic mushrooms, contains unique compounds that contribute to its psychoactive effects.
Psilocybin
Chemical Structure: 4-phosphoryloxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine
Role: Primary psychoactive compound. Psilocybin is metabolized in the body to psilocin, which then acts on serotonin receptors in the brain, particularly the 5-HT2A receptor, leading to altered perceptions, mood, and consciousness.
Baeocystin
Chemical Structure: 4-phosphoryloxy-N-methyltryptamine
Role: A minor analog of psilocybin, also psychoactive. Its effects are not as well-studied but it is believed to contribute to the overall psychoactive experience.
Norbaeocystin
Chemical Structure: 4-phosphoryloxytryptamine
Role: Another minor compound with potential psychoactive properties. Its effects are less understood compared to psilocybin and psilocin.
Other Alkaloids
Apart from psilocybin and psilocin, Psilocybe natalensis may contain other compounds such as ergothioneine (an antioxidant), various amino acids, and polysaccharides.
Function: These compounds contribute to the overall health and physiological functions of the mushroom.
Ergosterol
A sterol present in fungal cell membranes, similar to cholesterol in animals. Ergosterol is a precursor to vitamin D2 when exposed to UV light.
Polysaccharides
Contribute to the structural integrity of fungal cell walls. Some polysaccharides from fungi have immunomodulating properties.
MAOIs
Monoamine oxidase inhibits an enzyme that breaks down neurotsransmitters like serotonin. This interaction can potentiate the effects of psilocybin and psilocin.
Beta-Carbolines
Harmane, norharmane
These compounds act as monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs), potentially enhancing and prolonging the effects of psilocybin and psilocin by inhibiting their breakdown in the body.
Proteins
Like all mushrooms, Psilocybe natalensis contains essential nutrients such as proteins, carbohydrates, vitamins (especially B vitamins like riboflavin and niacin), and minerals (potassium, phosphorus, magnesium).
Function: These nutrients support fungal growth and metabolic processes.
Proteins
Mushrooms typically contain a moderate amount of protein, including essential amino acids.
Vitamins
B-vitamins (B2, B3, B5, B7), Vitamin D2 (ergocalciferol)
Role: Essential for various metabolic processes. Vitamin D2 is particularly noteworthy as it is converted from ergosterol upon exposure to sunlight.
Minerals
Potassium, phosphorus, selenium, copper
Role: Essential for numerous biological functions, including enzyme activity, bone health, and antioxidant defense.
Tryptophan Derivatives
Mushrooms in the Psilocybe genus often contain tryptophan derivatives and other indole compounds.
Function: These compounds are precursors to psilocybin and psilocin synthesis within the mushroom.
other names
English: Natal Super Strength
German: Nataler Zauberpilz
Spanish: Natal Super Fuerza
French: Force Super de Natal
Italian: Forza Super di Natal
Portuguese: Super Força de Natal
Dutch: Natal Super Kracht
Russian: Натальская Супер Сила (Natalskaya Super Sila)
Chinese: 纳塔尔超级力量 (Nà tǎ ěr chāo jí lì liàng)
Japanese: ナタールスーパー強度 (Natāru Sūpā Kyōdo)
Korean: 나탈 슈퍼 강도 (Natar Syupeo Gangdo)
Swedish: Natal Super Styrka
Natalensis, Natal Magic Mushroom, Natalensis Shroom, Natalensis Psilocybe, Natalensis Mushroom, Natalensis Fungi, Natalensis Psychedelic, Natalensis Caps, Natalensis Spores, Natalensis Mycelium, Natalensis Truffles, Natalensis Hallucinogen
Taxonomical Hierarchy
| Kingdom | Fungi |
|---|
| Division | Basidiomycota |
| Class | Agaricomycetes |
| Order | Agaricales |
| Family | Hymenogastraceae |
| Genus | Psilocybe |
| Species | P. natalensis |
| Ecology | saprotrophic |
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