Description
Properties
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Nanacatl. They are called Teonanacatl, meat of the gods
The head is small and round, the stem long and thin
It is bitter and itches, it burns the throat –
It makes you sad, depresses, anguish, it lets you run away, it scares you
– it lets you hide
The one who eats many of them, sees many things that they frighten and cheer him up
He runs away, hangs himself, throws himself off a rock, screams, gets scared
– he eat them with honey
To someone who is arrogant, is daring, is vain
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Although it is illegal in many countries to possess psilocybin-containing mushrooms or mycelium (both of which contain psychoactive substances), it is legal in many places to possess and sell spores.
Psilocybe cubensis belongs to the ‘sacred’ Teonanakatl mushrooms of Mexico. This fungus is known as Hongo de San Isidra in the Mexican state of Oaxaca. It’s a major hallucinogen there. However, not all shamans use it there. The shamans of the Lacandones sacrifice Cubes and Panaeolus subbalteatus their gods, but there are no reports that they ingested the mushrooms.
Ca. 9000-7000 BC: There is an ancient stone carving from the Tassili Plains in present-day Algeria, showing people walking with mushrooms on their hands. It must be remembered that at that time, this area, which is located in what is now the Sahara, was green and fertile. The medicinal and intoxicating properties are described in an Aztec text.
You are warned against a tasting Psilocybe cubensis. Differentiation of this species is often very difficult and is usually only possible with certainty under the microscope. The cubensis were traditionally used and cultivated by shamans and marketed as medicines.
Psilocybe cubensis has a strong hallucinogenic effect! The psilocybin content can reach almost 0.5-0.9% of the dry matter. Due to these ingredients, the trade and possession of the fungus is prohibited in many countries.
Traditionally used by shamans for its psychedelic effects, B+ is also cultivated and used as a drug.
1. Growing
Growing Procedure
Psilocybe cubensis can be easily propagated from spores or from removed tissue parts, which is why the species is one of the most commonly cultivated fungal species in the world. The same methods are used for reproduction as for mushroom cultivation.
Workenvironment:
Sporecultures:
Agarcultures:
Liquidcultures:
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Growing
Agar Culture Media:
Cropping Cycle:
Containers for fruiting:
Biological efficiencies:
Substrates:
Growing Characteristics
Animal dung, humus, subsequent decomposer, summer to late autumn, cultivated as a drug and offered in various stores
Natural Habitat
Spring to early fall
Psilocybe cubensis usually grows in horse and cow pastures on manure (dung) or on soil enriched with manure. The fungus prefers cow manure. It is an almost universal art, typical of the tropical and subtropical regions of the world. Solitary or in groups, especially on cattle pastures; widespread in the tropics and subtropics—Colombia, Central America, Mexico, etc.—and the Gulf Coast region of the United States. There are also reports of finds from Thailand and Cambodia.
Psilocybe cubensis grows on the dung of large animals such as cattle, water buffalo, or elephants or on well-fertilized soils and is native to tropical Africa. As a cultural successor to cattle ranching, the species has spread throughout the tropics where cattle ranching is practised. Probably for this reason it was introduced for the first time in South America with the manure of the cattle of the Spanish conquerors, which is also reflected in the frequent rejection of the indigenous people to the use of the fungus and its preferred growth sites in the vicinity of certain species. animals that were first introduced by colonialists.
2. Identification
Cap
1-4 (5) cm Ø
-ocher-yellow, reddish brown to orange-yellow
-center more orange and humped
Stipe
-whitish with ochre yellow, reddish brown to orange yellow grain
-furrowed
-base more orange brown
Veil
-dark brown
-droopinggrooved
Hyphae
Hymenium
-yellowish brown to dark yellowish brown
-bulging attached, almost free-appearing
-with intermediate lamellae
-somewhat mottled by spore powder
Spores
11.5-17 x 8-11 µm
-dark brown
-basidia 4-spored
Danger of confusion
PSILOCYBE ALLENII, PSILOCYBE SERBICA VAR. BOHEMICA, PANAEOLUS CYANESCENS, PSILOCYBE SEMILANCEATA, PROTOSTROPHARIA SEMIGLOBATA, PANAEOLUS PAPILIONACEUS, PANAEOLUS GUTTULATUS, PANAEOLUS FIMICOLA
© Alan Rockefeller
3. Consuming
Dosis
There is an urgent warning against food experiments. Collecting, possessing and selling drug mushrooms is illegal in many countries around the world.
Depending on the particular strain, growth method, and age at harvest, psilocybe mushrooms can come in rather different potencies. It is recommended to weigh the actual mushrooms, better then counting them. 10% of the mushrooms mass is left, when dried. Take a look at Properties, to find out how potent they are.
Dose:
At least one gram of dried cubensis mushrooms is taken orally for modest psychedelic effects.
-0.25-1 gram is usually enough to produce a mild effect
-1-2.5 grams usually provides a moderate effect
-2.5 grams and more usually produce strong effects
For most people 3,5g, dry would be considered a high dose and likely to produce a very intense experience. Also, the experience with mushrooms quickly becomes overwhelming. In some rare people, doses as small as 0.25 grams can produce the full effects normally associated with very large doses.
Effect
Psilocybe cubensishas a very strong hallucinogenic effect. Its a potent type of mushroom that contains high doses of the well-known hallucinogenic – mushrooms psilocybin, psilocin, and also baeocystin.
Effects usually begin after about 20 to 60 minutes, depending on the method of ingestion and what else is in the stomach. Hallucinatory effects often occur, such as walls that seem to breathe, vivid color enhancement, and the animation of organic shapes. At higher doses, the experiences tend to be less social and more entheogenic, often intense and spiritual in nature.
Duration:
Due to the main ingredient, psilocybin, it can be expected to have the same duration of action as the other more well-known hallucinogenic mushrooms. The duration of the effect is about 5-6 hours.
Smell
Musty
Taste
-unpleasant
Flesh
-whitish to light brown
Composition
The content of alkaloids is 1% psilocybin and psilocin/g dried Psilocybe cubensis mass. However, the mushroom contains the hallucinogenic tryptamines psilocybin, psilocin, and also baeocystin. Mycelium contains less psilocybin than fruiting bodies.
Its psychoactive compounds:
-Psilocybin (4-phosphoryloxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine)
-Psilocin (4-hydroxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine)
-Baeocystin (4-phosphoryloxy-N-methyltryptamine)
-Norbeocystin (4-phosphoryloxytryptamine)
Psilocin and psilocybin are isolated substances Albert Hofmann, 1958, in the related species P. mexicana
4. Data
other names
Kubanischer Kahlkopf, San Isidro, magic mushroom, Palenque mushroom, Hed keequai, The King, Stropharia cyanescens Murr., Stropharia caerulescens (Pat.) Sing., Naematoloma caerulescens Pat., Hypholoma caerulescens (Pat.) Sacc. & Trott., Cubensis, Stropharia c. Earle, Hongo de San Isidra (im mexik. Teilstaat Oaxaca), Di-shi-tjo-le-rra-ja (mazatek. “Göttlicher Dungpilz”), San Isidro, gold top (Australien), teonanacatl (aztek.), San Isidor (span.), San Isidro Labrador (span.), honguillos de San Isidro Labrador (span., “Pilze des heiligen Isidro Labrador” – der heilige der Landwirtschaft), derrumbe del estiercol de vaca (span., “Abgrund der Kuhfladen”), nocuana-be-neeche (zapotek.), nti-si-tjole-ncha-ja (mazatek., “Pilz wie der, der auf Kuhfladen wächst”), teotlaquilnanacatl (Modernes Nahuatl, “der heilige Pilz, der in Farben malt”), tenkech (Chol [Palencano]), lol lu’um, (yukatek. Maya, “Blüten der Erde”)
| Kingdom | Fungi |
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| Division | Basidiomycota |
| Class | Agaricomycetes |
| Order | Agaricales |
| Family | Hymenogastraceae |
| Genus | Psilocybe |
| Species | P. cubensis |
| Ecology | saprotrophic |